<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Studies in Applied Language</title>
<title_fa>Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ú©Ø§ÙˆÛŒ Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø±Ø¯ÛŒ</title_fa>
<short_title>JSAL</short_title>
<subject>Literature &amp; Humanities</subject>
<web_url>http://jsal.ierf.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2980-9304</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2980-9304</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.61186/jsal</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1403</year>
	<month>11</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>2</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>8</volume>
<number>1</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>ØªØ¨ÛŒÛŒÙ† Ø³Ø§Ø®Øª Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„ Ø³Ø§Ø¯Û€ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ Ùˆ Ù‚ÙˆØ§Ø¹Ø¯ Ø­Ø§Ú©Ù… Ø¨Ø± Ø¢Ù†â€ŒÙ‡Ø§ Ø¨Ø§ ØªÙ…Ø±Ú©Ø² Ø¨Ø± Ø§Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¹ Ø±ÛŒØ´Ù‡ Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø¯Ù‡â€ŒØ³Ø§Ø² (Ø¨Ø§ Ø±ÙˆÛŒÚ©Ø±Ø¯ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø³ÛŒ)</title_fa>
	<title>Explication of the Structure of Simple Persian Verbs and Their Governing Principles, With an Emphasis on Root Types and Morpheme Formation; A Linguistic Perspective [In Persian]</title>
	<subject_fa>Ù¾Ú˜ÙˆÙ‡Ø´â€ŒÙ‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†ÛŒ</subject_fa>
	<subject>Linguistic research</subject>
	<content_type_fa>Ù¾Ú˜ÙˆÙ‡Ø´ÙŠ</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:nasimYW;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Ù…Ù‡Ù…ØªØ±ÛŒÙ† Ø¨Ø®Ø´Ù ØªÙ…Ø§Ù… Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø¬Ù‡Ø§Ù†ØŒ ÙØ¹Ù„ Ø§Ø³Øª (Ø¬Ù‡Ø§Ù†ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†). ÙØ¹Ù„ Ø¯Ø± Ø¯Ø³ØªÚ¯Ø§Ù‡ ØªØ·Ø§Ø¨Ù‚ Ø¯Ø³ØªÙˆØ±ÛŒ (ØªØ·Ø§Ø¨Ù‚Ù ÙØ¹Ù„ Ùˆ Ù†Ù‡Ø§Ø¯...) Ø¬Ø§ÛŒÚ¯Ø§Ù‡ÛŒ ÙˆÛŒÚ˜Ù‡&amp;shy; Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯. Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ù…ÙˆØ¬ÙˆØ¯ Ø²Ù†Ø¯Û€ Ø§Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒ Ø§Ø³Øª Ú©Ù‡ Ø¨Ø§ ØªØ¹Ø¯Ø§Ø¯ÛŒ Ù…Ø­Ø¯ÙˆØ¯ Ø¢ÙˆØ§Ù‡Ø§ Ùˆ Ù†Ø´Ø§Ù†Ù‡&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†ÛŒ Ùˆ Ù‚ÙˆØ§Ø¹Ø¯Ø¯Ø³ØªÙˆØ±ÛŒØŒ ØªØ¹Ø¯Ø§Ø¯ÛŒ Ù†Ø§Ù…Ø­Ø¯ÙˆØ¯ Ø¬Ù…Ù„Ù‡ØŒ Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÛŒ Ø§Ù†ØªÙ‚Ø§Ù„ Ø§Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¹Ø§Øª Ù…ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ø³Ø§Ø²Ø¯Ø› Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ø¨Ø§ Ø­ÙØ¸ Ú©Ø§Ø±Ú©Ø±Ø¯Ù Ø§Ø±ØªØ¨Ø§Ø·ÛŒ Ø®ÙˆØ¯ØŒ Ø¨Ø§ ØªØ£Ø«ÛŒØ± Ø¨Ø± Ø³Ø§Ø®ØªÙ…Ø§Ù† Ø¢ÙˆØ§ÛŒÛŒ-Ù‡Ø¬Ø§ÛŒÛŒÙ ÙˆØ§Ú˜Ù‡ (ØªØºÛŒÛŒØ±Ø¯Ø± Ú©ÛŒÙÛŒØª -Ú©Ù…ÛŒØª ÙˆØ§Ú©Ù‡ &amp;shy;Ù‡Ø§ØŒ Ù‡Ù…Ú¯ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ_Ù†Ø§Ù‡Ù…Ú¯ÙˆÙ†ÛŒÙ Ù‡Ù…Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù† &amp;shy;Ù‡Ø§ Ùˆ Ø¥Ø¹Ù…Ø§Ù„ Ú©Ù„ÛŒÛ€ ÙØ±Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø¯Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø¢ÙˆØ§ÛŒÛŒ) Ø³Ø§Ø²Ù‡&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†ÛŒ Ø±Ø§ Ù…Ø·Ø§Ø¨Ù‚Ù Ø§ØµÙ„ Ú©Ù…&amp;shy; Ú©ÙˆØ´ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÛŒ ØªØ³Ù‡ÛŒÙ„ ØªÙ„ÙØ¸ Ø¯Ú¯Ø±Ú¯ÙˆÙ†&amp;shy; Ù…ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ú©Ù†Ø¯Ø› Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ø¯Ú¯Ø±Ú¯ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ù‡Ø§ Ú¯Ø§Ù‡ Ø§Ø¨Ù‡Ø§Ù…Ø§ØªÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø®Øª Ø¯Ø±Ø³ØªÙ Ø§Ø¬Ø²Ø§ÛŒ Ø³Ø§Ø²Û€ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†ÛŒ (Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø¬Ø§ ÙØ¹Ù„) Ø§ÛŒØ¬Ø§Ø¯ &amp;shy;Ù…ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ú©Ù†Ø¯ØŒ Ø§Ù…Ø§ Ù…Ù†Ø·Ù‚ÛŒ Ù†ÛŒØ³Øª Ú©Ù‡ Ø¨Ø§ Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙÛŒ Ø§Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¹ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø²(8-10Ø¹Ø¯Ø¯) Ø¯Ø± Ù¾ÛŒ Ø±ÙØ¹ Ù…Ø´Ú©Ù„ Ø¸Ø§Ù‡Ø±ÛŒ Ø¨Ø§Ø´ÛŒÙ…Ø› Ù†Ú¯Ø§Ø±Ù†Ø¯Ú¯Ø§Ù† Ù…Ø¹ØªÙ‚Ø¯Ù†Ø¯ ØªÙ†Ù‡Ø§ÛŒÚ© ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy;Ø³Ø§Ø²(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;t/d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;) Ø¯Ø§Ø±ÛŒÙ… Ú©Ù‡ Ø¯Ø± Ø§Ø«Ø± ØªÙˆØ§Ù„ÛŒ ÙÙ‡Ù…Ù†Ø´ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ Ø¨Ø§ Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø± ÙˆØ§Ø¬ Ù‡Ø§ ØªØºÛŒÛŒØ±Ø§ØªÛŒ ÛŒØ§ÙØªÙ‡ &amp;shy;Ø§Ø³Øª. Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ú¯ÙØªØ§Ø± Ø¶Ù…Ù† Ø¨Ø±Ø±Ø³ÛŒ ØªØºÛŒÛŒØ±Ø§Øª Ø¨Ù‡ Ø¹Ù„Øª Ø¹Ù„Ù…ÛŒ Ø¢Ù†Ù‡Ø§ Ù…ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ù¾Ø±Ø¯Ø§Ø²Ø¯. Ù‡Ø¯Ù Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ù¾Ú˜ÙˆÙ‡Ø´ ØªØ¹ÛŒÛŒÙ†Ù ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ø³Ø§Ø² Ø¯Ø± Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„Ù Ø¨Ø¸Ø§Ù‡Ø± Ø³Ø§Ø¯Û€ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ Ùˆ Ø¹Ù„Øª Ø®Ù„Ù‚ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø²Ù Ù…ØªØ¹Ø¯Ø¯ Ùˆ Ø§Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø¹ Ø±ÛŒØ´Û€ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„ Ø³Ø§Ø¯Ù‡ Ø§Ø³ØªØ› Ø¨Ù‡ Ù†ÙˆØ¹ÛŒ Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ú¯ÙØªØ§Ø±ØŒ Ù¾Ø§Ø³Ø®Ú¯ÙˆÛŒ Ù¾Ø±Ø³Ø´ &amp;shy;Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø³Øª: ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø² ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ Ú©Ø¯Ø§Ù… Ø§Ø³ØªØŸ Ú†Ø±Ø§ ØªØ¹Ø¯Ù‘Ø¯ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø² ØªÙˆØ¬ÛŒÙ‡ Ø¹Ù„Ù…ÛŒ Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯ØŸ Ø¢ÛŒØ§ Ø¨Ø§ ÙØ±Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø¯Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø¢ÙˆØ§ÛŒÛŒ Ù…ÛŒ&amp;shy; ØªÙˆØ§Ù† ØªØºÛŒÛŒØ±Ø§Øª Ø±ÛŒØ´Ù‡ Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø¯Ù‡&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ Ø±Ø§ ØªØ¨ÛŒÛŒÙ† Ú©Ø±Ø¯Ø› Ú†Ù†Ø§Ù†Ú©Ù‡ Ù†ÛŒØ§Ø² Ø¨Ù‡ Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙÛŒ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ø³Ø§Ø² Ú¯ÙˆÙ†Ø§Ú¯ÙˆÙ† Ù†Ø¨Ø§Ø´Ø¯ØŸ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø²Ù Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ{Øª(Ú©ÙØ´Øª)ØŒ Ø¯ (Ú¯Ø³ØªØ±Ø¯)ØŒ Ø¢Ø¯ (Ø§ÛŒØ³ØªØ§Ø¯)ØŒ ÛŒØ¯(Ø®Ø±ÛŒØ¯)ØŒ ÙØ³ØªØŒ ÛŒØ³Øª (Ù†Ú¯Ø±Ø³ØªØŒ Ù†Ú¯Ø±ÛŒØ³Øª)ØŒ ÙÙØª(Ù¾Ø°ÛŒØ±ÙØª)...} Ú†Ú¯ÙˆÙ†Ù‡ ØªØ¨ÛŒÛŒÙ† ÙˆØªØ­Ù„ÛŒÙ„ &amp;shy;Ù…ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø´ÙˆÙ†Ø¯ØŸ Ø³Ø§Ø®Øª Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„Ù Ù…ÙˆØ³ÙˆÙ… Ø¨Ù‡ Ø¬Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ Ú†ÛŒØ³ØªØŸØ¢ÛŒØ§ Ø³ØªØ§Ú© Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ Ùˆ Ù…Ø¶Ø§Ø±Ø¹ ÛŒÚ© ÙØ¹Ù„ØŒ Ù…Ø£Ø®ÙˆØ° Ø§Ø² Ø±ÛŒØ´Ù‡&amp;shy; Ø§ÛŒ ÙˆØ§Ø­Ø¯ Ø§Ø³ØªØŸ Ù†ØªØ§ÛŒØ¬ ØªØ­Ù‚ÛŒÙ‚ Ú©Ù‡ Ø¨Ù‡ Ø´ÛŒÙˆÛ€ ØªÙˆØµÛŒÙÛŒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;ndash;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ØªØ­Ù„ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ Ùˆ Ù…Ø·Ø§Ø¨Ù‚Ù Ø±ÙˆØ´ Ø§Ø³Ù†Ø§Ø¯ÛŒ Ùˆ Ø±ÙˆÛŒÚ©Ø±Ø¯ Ø¨Ù‡ Ø¹Ù„Ù… ØµØ±Ù Ø§Ø³ØªØŒ Ù†Ø´Ø§Ù†Ú¯Ø± Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø­Ù„Ù Ø´Ú©Ù„&amp;shy; Ú¯ÛŒØ±ÛŒ ÙØ³Ø§Ø®Øª ÙˆØ§Ú˜Û€ ÙØ¹Ù„ Ø§Ø³Øª Ùˆ Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ú©Ù‡ Ù‚ÙˆØ§Ø¹Ø¯ ÙˆØ§Ø¬ &amp;shy;Ø¢Ø±Ø§ÛŒÛŒÙ ÙˆÛŒÚ˜Û€ Ø¯Ø³ØªÚ¯Ø§Ù‡ ÙØ¹Ù„ØŒ Ø¯Ø± Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø¬Ø§ Ø¨Ø³ÛŒØ§Ø± Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø§ Ø¨ÙˆØ¯Ù‡ &amp;shy;&amp;shy;Ø§Ø³Øª Ø§Ø² Ø¢Ù† Ø¬Ù…Ù„Ù‡ Ù…ÛŒ ØªÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ø´Ø§Ø±Ù‡ Ú©Ø±Ø¯: ØªØ¹Ø¯Ø¯ ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ&amp;shy; Ø³Ø§Ø² Ø§Ø² Ù†Ø¸Ø± Ù…Ø¨Ø§Ù†ÛŒ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø³ÛŒ(Ø§ØµÙ„ Ú©Ù…&amp;shy; Ú©ÙˆØ´ÛŒØŒØ¶ÙˆØ§Ø¨Ø· Ùˆ Ù…Ø­Ø¯ÙˆØ¯ÛŒØª&amp;shy; Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù‡Ù…Ù†Ø´ÛŒÙ†ÛŒ ÙˆØ§Ø¬ &amp;shy;Ù‡Ø§ØŒ ÙØ±Ø¢ÛŒÙ†Ø¯Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ø¢ÙˆØ§ÛŒÛŒ...) ÙˆØ¬Ø§Ù‡Øª Ø¹Ù„Ù…ÛŒ Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯. ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ &amp;shy;Ø³Ø§Ø²ØŒØµØ±ÙØ§Ù‹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; Ø¨Ø§Ø²Ù…Ø§Ù†Ø¯Ù‡ Ø§Ø²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;-ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; ØµÙØª Ù…ÙØ¹ÙˆÙ„ÛŒ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ø§Ø³Øª. Ø¯Ø± ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ Ø§Ù…Ø±ÙˆØ²ØŒ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„ Ù…ÙˆØ³ÙˆÙ… Ø¨Ù‡ ØªØ¨Ø¯ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø±Ø¯ Ú†Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ù†ÛŒ Ù†Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯Ø› Ø²ÛŒØ±Ø§ Ú¯ÙˆÛŒØ´ÙˆØ±Ø§Ù† Ø³Ø§Ø®Øª Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„ Ù…Ø±Ú©Ø¨ Ø§Ø² Ù‡Ù…Ø§Ù† Ù¾Ø§ÛŒÙ‡ Ø±Ø§ Ø¨ÛŒØ´ØªØ± Ù¾Ø³Ù†Ø¯ÛŒØ¯Ù‡ Ùˆ Ù¾Ø°ÛŒØ±ÙØªÙ‡ &amp;shy;Ø§Ù†Ø¯.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;The verb represents the most fundamental element across all global languages (a universal linguistic feature). Verbs occupy a central role within the framework of grammatical concordance (agreement between verb and subject). Language, as a dynamic social construct, generates an unlimited array of sentences for communication using a finite set of phonemes, linguistic symbols, and syntactic rules. While maintaining its communicative efficacy, language reshapes linguistic constructs in alignment with the principle of least effort, modifying the phonological-syllabic composition of words (alterations in vowel quality and duration, consonant harmony or disharmony, and the implementation of comprehensive phonological processes) to enhance articulatory ease. Such transformations occasionally introduce ambiguities in the precise identification of linguistic construct components (here, verbs). Nevertheless, it is unreasonable to resolve this superficial issue by positing numerous past-tense morphemes (ranging from 8 to 10). The researchers maintain that only a single past-tense morpheme (t/d) exists, which undergoes modifications due to its sequential interaction with adjacent phonemes. This analysis investigates these alterations and their scientific underpinnings. This study aims to ascertain the past-tense morpheme in ostensibly simple Persian verbs, elucidate the emergence of multiple past-tense morphemes, and clarify the varieties of roots in simple verbs. Essentially, this research responds to the following inquiries: What constitutes the past-tense morpheme in Persian? Why is the notion of multiple past-tense morphemes scientifically untenable? Can phonological processes explain the variations in past-tense roots and stems, thereby negating the need to propose diverse past-tense morphemes? How are Persian past-tense morphemes&amp;mdash;such as {Øª (kusht), Ø¯ (gostard), Ø¢Ø¯ (istÄd), ÛŒØ¯ (kharid), ÙØ³Øª, ÛŒØ³Øª (negarest, negÄrist), ÙÙØª (paziroft), &amp;hellip;}&amp;mdash;interpreted and analyzed? What is the composition of so-called derived verbs? Are the past and present stems of a verb derived from a unified root? The findings, derived through a descriptive-analytical approach utilizing documentary evidence and a morphological perspective, delineate the stages of verb formation and underscore the efficacy of specific phonotactic constraints within the verb system. Significantly, the notion of multiple past-tense morphemes lacks linguistic legitimacy when evaluated against principles such as least effort, phoneme co-occurrence restrictions, and phonological processes. The past-tense morpheme is exclusively /t/, a vestige of the Old Persian participial suffix -ta. In modern Persian, verbs categorized as transformational are seldom employed, as native speakers predominantly favor and have embraced the construction of compound verbs derived from the same root.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>ØªÙˆØµÛŒÙ ÙØ¹Ù„, Ú˜Ø±Ù Ø³Ø§Ø®Øª Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§Ù„Ù ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ Ù†Ùˆ, ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ù…Ø§Ø¯Ù‡ Ø³Ø§Ø², ØªÚ©ÙˆØ§Ú˜ Ø§Ù†Ø­ØµØ§Ø±ÛŒ Ù…Ø§Ø¶ÛŒ Ø³Ø§Ø²</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Verb Analysis, Underlying Structure of Modern Persian Verbs, Morphemes for Stem Formation, Singular Past-Tense Morpheme</keyword>
	<start_page>79</start_page>
	<end_page>118</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jsal.ierf.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-195-1&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Khosravi Dastgerdi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>Ø²Ù‡Ø±Ø§</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>Ø®Ø³Ø±ÙˆÛŒ Ø¯Ø³ØªÚ¯Ø±Ø¯ÛŒ</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>khosravi.ph@gmail.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846001053</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001053</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Ø§Ø³ØªØ§Ø¯ÛŒØ§Ø± Ú¯Ø±ÙˆÙ‡ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† ÙˆØ§Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒØ§Øª ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒØŒ ÙˆØ§Ø­Ø¯ Ù‡Ù…Ø¯Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø¯Ø§Ù†Ø´Ú¯Ø§Ù‡ Ø¢Ø²Ø§Ø¯ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒØŒ Ù‡Ù…Ø¯Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Ali </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Naseri Karimvand </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>Ù†Ø§ØµØ±ÛŒ Ú©Ø±ÛŒÙ…ÙˆÙ†Ø¯</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Naaseripi@gmail.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846001054</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001054</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>MA, General Linguistics, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø³ÛŒ Ø§Ø±Ø´Ø¯ Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù†Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø³ÛŒ Ù‡Ù…Ú¯Ø§Ù†ÛŒØŒ ÙˆØ§Ø­Ø¯ Ù‡Ù…Ø¯Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø¯Ø§Ù†Ø´Ú¯Ø§Ù‡ Ø¢Ø²Ø§Ø¯ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒØŒ Ù‡Ù…Ø¯Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
