<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Studies in Applied Language</title>
<title_fa>Ø²Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ú©Ø§ÙˆÛŒ Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø±Ø¯ÛŒ</title_fa>
<short_title>JSAL</short_title>
<subject>Literature &amp; Humanities</subject>
<web_url>http://jsal.ierf.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2980-9304</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2980-9304</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.61186/jsal</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1400</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2021</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>4</volume>
<number>2</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>ØªØ¬Ù„Ù‘ÛŒ Ø·Ù†Ø² ØªÙ„Ø® Ùˆ Ø§Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø³Øª ØµÙ†Ø¹Øª Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÛŒ Ø¢ÛŒØ±ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ù†Ù‡Ø¬ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÙ‡</title_fa>
	<title>Manifestation of Dark and Social Humor in the use of the Irony Rhetorical Industry in  Nahj al-Balagha [In Persian]</title>
	<subject_fa>ØªØ­Ù„ÛŒÙ„ Ú¯ÙØªÙ…Ø§Ù†</subject_fa>
	<subject>Discourse Analysis</subject>
	<content_type_fa>Ù¾Ú˜ÙˆÙ‡Ø´ÙŠ</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:nasimYW;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; badr=&quot;&quot;&gt;Ø³Ø®Ù†Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù…Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ(Ø¹) Ø¯Ø± Ù†Ù‡Ø¬ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÙ‡ Ø¨Ù‡ Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø± Ø¯Ùˆ Ù…Ø´Ø®ØµÙ‡ Ø§Ø³Ø§Ø³ÛŒ Ù‡Ù…ÙˆØ§Ø±Ù‡ Ø§Ø² Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø± Ù…ØªÙˆÙ† Ù…ØªÙ…Ø§ÛŒØ² Ø´Ø¯Ù‡ Ø§Ø³ØªØ› ÛŒÚ©ÛŒ ÙØµØ§Ø­Øª Ùˆ Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºØªØŒ Ùˆ Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø±ÛŒ Ú†Ù†Ø¯Ø¨ÙØ¹Ø¯ÛŒ Ø¨ÙˆØ¯Ù† Ø¢Ù†ØŒ Ø¨Ø¯ÛŒÙ† Ù…Ø¹Ù†Ø§ Ú©Ù‡ Ú©Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø¢Ù† Ø­Ø¶Ø±Øª Ø¯Ø± Ù…ÛŒØ¯Ø§Ù†&#8204;Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…Ø®ØªÙ„Ù Ùˆ Ø§Ø­ÛŒØ§Ù†Ø§Ù‹ Ù…ØªØ¶Ø§Ø¯ Ù…Ø¹Ù†Ø§ÛŒÛŒ Ø¬Ù„ÙˆÙ‡ Ú¯Ø± Ø´Ø¯Ù‡ Ùˆ Ø¯Ø± Ø¹ÛŒÙ† Ø­Ø§Ù„ ÙØµØ§Ø­Øª Ùˆ Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºØª Ø®ÙˆØ¯ Ø±Ø§ Ø­ÙØ¸ Ù†Ù…ÙˆØ¯Ù‡ Ø§Ø³Øª. Ù†Ù…ÙˆÙ†Ù‡ ØªÙ„Ø§Ù‚ÛŒ Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ø¯Ùˆ Ù…Ø´Ø®ØµÙ‡ Ø±Ø§ Ù…ÛŒ ØªÙˆØ§Ù† Ø¯Ø± Ú©Ø§Ø±Ø¨Ø³Øª ØµÙ†Ø¹Øª Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÛŒ Ø¢ÛŒØ±ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ Ù…Ø´Ø§Ù‡Ø¯Ù‡ Ù†Ù…ÙˆØ¯ Ú©Ù‡ Ø¨Ø±Ø®ÛŒ Ø¢Ù† Ø±Ø§ Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ù„ Ø·Ù†Ø² ØªÙ„Ø® Ùˆ Ø§Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒ Ø¯Ø§Ù†Ø³ØªÙ‡&#8204;Ø§Ù†Ø¯. Ø¢Ù†Ú†Ù‡ Ø¯Ø± Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ø¢Ø±Ø§ÛŒÙ‡ Ø¨ÛŒØ´ØªØ± Ù…ÙˆØ±Ø¯ ØªÙˆØ¬Ù‡ Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø± Ù…ÛŒ&#8204;Ú¯ÛŒØ±Ø¯ØŒ Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø± Ú¯Ø±ÙØªÙ† Ø¯Ùˆ Ø¹Ù†ØµØ± Ù…ØªØ¶Ø§Ø¯ Ù…Ø¹Ù†Ø§ÛŒÛŒ Ù€ Ù„ÙØ¸ÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ú©Ù†Ø§Ø± Ù‡Ù…Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø± Ø¨Ø±Ø§ÛŒ ØºØ§ÙÙ„Ú¯ÛŒØ± Ú©Ø±Ø¯Ù† Ù…Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø¨ Ùˆ Ø¯Ø± Ø¹ÛŒÙ† Ø­Ø§Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø§Ø¡ Ù¾ÛŒØ§Ù…ÛŒ ØªÙ„Ø® Ø¨Ø§ Ø§Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒØ§ØªÛŒ Ø·Ù†Ø²Ú¯ÙˆÙ†Ù‡ Ù…ÛŒ Ø¨Ø§Ø´Ø¯. Ø¯Ø± Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ù…Ù‚Ø§Ù„Ù‡ ØªÙ„Ø§Ø´ Ø´Ø¯Ù‡ Ø¨Ø§ Ø´Ù†Ø§Ø³Ø§ÛŒÛŒ Ù†Ù…ÙˆÙ†Ù‡ Ù‡Ø§ÛŒÛŒ Ø§Ø² ØªØ¬Ù„Ù‘ÛŒ ØµÙ†Ø¹Øª Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÛŒ Ø¢ÛŒØ±ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ø®Ø·Ø¨Ù‡&#8204;Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù†Ù‡Ø¬ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÙ‡ Ùˆ ØªØ­Ù„ÛŒÙ„ Ù…ÙÙ‡ÙˆÙ…ÛŒ Ø¢Ù†Ù‡Ø§ØŒ Ø¬Ù„ÙˆÙ‡ Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø±ÛŒ Ø§Ø² Ø§Ø¹Ø¬Ø§Ø² Ù„ÙØ¸ÛŒ Ùˆ Ù…Ø¹Ù†Ø§ÛŒÛŒ Ú©Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù…Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ(Ø¹) Ø¨Ù‡ Ø¹Ù†ÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ù…ÛŒØ± Ø³Ø®Ù† Ù…ÙˆØ±Ø¯ ØªÙˆØ¬Ù‡ Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø± Ú¯Ø±ÙØªÙ‡ Ùˆ ÛŒÚ©ÛŒ Ø¯ÛŒÚ¯Ø± Ø§Ø² ØµÙ†Ø§ÛŒØ¹ Ø§Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒ Ø¨Ù‡ Ú©Ø§Ø± Ø±ÙØªÙ‡ Ø¯Ø± Ù†Ù‡Ø¬ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºÙ‡ Ù…ÙˆØ±Ø¯ Ø¨Ø§Ø²Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù†ÛŒ ÙˆØ§Ù‚Ø¹ Ø´ÙˆØ¯. ÛŒØ§ÙØªÙ‡ Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ ØªØ­Ù‚ÛŒÙ‚ Ù†Ø´Ø§Ù† Ù…ÛŒ Ø¯Ù‡Ø¯ Ø¢ÛŒØ±ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ Ø¯Ø± Ú©Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù…Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ&lt;sup&gt;(Ø¹)&lt;/sup&gt; Ø¨ÛŒØ´ØªØ± Ø¨Ù‡ ØµÙˆØ±Øª Ù¾ÙˆØ´ÛŒØ¯Ù‡ Ø³Ø®Ù† Ú¯ÙØªÙ†ØŒ ØªØ±Ú©ÛŒØ¨ Ù…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹Ø§Øª Ù…ØªÙ†Ø§Ù‚Ø¶ Ùˆ Ø®Ù„Ø§Ù Ø§Ù†ØªØ¸Ø§Ø±ØŒ Ø§ØºØ±Ø§Ù‚ Ø¯Ø± ØªØ±Ø¬ÛŒØ­ Ø¯Ø§Ø¯Ù† Ø¨Ù‡ Ù…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹Ø§Øª Ø¨ÛŒ&#8204;Ø§Ø±Ø²Ø´ Ùˆ Ø¨Ø±Ø¹Ú©Ø³ Ø¢Ù†ØŒ Ø¨Ù‡ Ú©Ø§Ø± Ø±ÙØªÙ‡ Ùˆ Ø¨Ø§ Ø¬Ù…Ù„Ø§Øª Ú©ÙˆØ¨Ù†Ø¯Ù‡ Ùˆ ØºÛŒØ¨ Ú¯ÙˆÛŒÛŒ Ù‡Ø§ÛŒ Ù…ØªØ¹Ø¯Ø¯ Ù‡Ù…Ø±Ø§Ù‡ Ø´Ø¯Ù‡ Ø§Ø³Øª ØªØ§ Ø§Ø² Ø§ÛŒÙ† Ø·Ø±ÛŒÙ‚ØŒ Ø¨Ø³ÛŒØ§Ø±ÛŒ Ø§Ø² Ù…ÙØ§Ù‡ÛŒÙ… Ù…Ù‡Ù… Ø¨Ø§ Ø§Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒØ§ØªÛŒ Ø·Ù†Ø²Ú¯ÙˆÙ†Ù‡ Ø¨Ù‡ Ù…Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø¨Ø§Ù† Ù…Ù†ØªÙ‚Ù„ Ú¯Ø±Ø¯Ø¯.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The words of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha have always been distinguished from other texts due to two basic characteristics; One is eloquence and rhetoric, and the other is its multidimensionality in the sense that the words have appeared in different and possibly contradictory semantic fields, and at the same time, eloquence and rhetoric have been maintained. An example of the intersection of these two characteristics can be seen in the application of irony. What is most noticeable in this system is the juxtaposition of two contrasting semantic-verbal elements to surprise the audience and at the same time convey a bitter message with humorous literature. In this article, by identifying examples of the manifestation of the Iranian rhetorical industry in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha and their conceptual analysis, another manifestation of the verbal and semantic miracles of Imam Ali (as) speech is considered and another literary industry used in Nahj al-Balagha is re-read. Findings showed that in the words of Imam Ali (AS), irony is used covertly, by combining contradictory and unexpected topics and exaggeration in preferring worthless topics and vice versa, and is used with striking sentences and divination so as to convey many important concepts to the audience through humorous literature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>Ø§Ù…Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ(Ø¹), Ø¨Ù„Ø§ØºØª, ØµÙ†Ø§Ø¨Ø¹ Ø§Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒ, Ø·Ù†Ø² Ø§Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø§Ø¹ÛŒ, Ø¢ÛŒØ±ÙˆÙ†ÛŒ</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Imam Ali (AS), Rhetoric, Literary Works, Social Humor, Irony</keyword>
	<start_page>65</start_page>
	<end_page>94</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jsal.ierf.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-28&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Etrat Doost </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>Ø¹ØªØ±Øª Ø¯ÙˆØ³Øª</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Etratdoost@sru.ac.ir</email>
	<code>1003194753284600770</code>
	<orcid>1003194753284600770</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Assistant Professor in Department of  Theology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Ø§Ø³ØªØ§Ø¯ÛŒØ§Ø± Ú¯Ø±ÙˆÙ‡ Ø§Ù„Ù‡ÛŒØ§Øª Ùˆ Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ø±Ù Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ Ø¯Ø§Ù†Ø´Ú¯Ø§Ù‡ ØªØ±Ø¨ÛŒØª Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒØ± Ø´Ù‡ÛŒØ¯ Ø±Ø¬Ø§ÛŒÛŒØŒ ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù†ØŒ Ø§ÛŒØ±Ø§Ù†</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
